Analysis of The Count of Monte Cristo :: The Count of Monte Cristo Vengence Power Essays

Investigation of The Count of Monte Cristo The topic of The Count of Monte Cristo is one of retribution and absolution, force and frailty. At the point when Dantes is unjustifiably given a real existence jail sentence by his foes (Villefort, Danglars, and Fernand), he spends each waking second arranging his retribution. When Dantes wonderfully escapes and comes back to the world with wealth, he considers it to be an indication that God has opened for him the entryway of vengeance. He is not, at this point his previous self. Fourteen years in a correctional facility in a dull cell has given him a criminal’s mind. Rather than the honest, lighthearted, life-adoring kid of nineteen, Dantes is presently a solidified, critical, and doubtful man in his mid-thirties. It appears to be an opposite absolution of sorts happens in a split second as Dantes hits the water in the wake of being lost the bluff by the jail monitors. Quickly Dantes starts misleading and utilizing people around him. Never again is Dantes the obvious saint. To show that he is an alternate individual, Dumas alludes to Dantes as the Count of Monte Cristo once he comes back to society. Presently the check, presently he has foes, and messes around with those he loathes. Despite the fact that he remunerates the individuals who rewarded him and his dad well, a large portion of the story is dedicated to Monte Cristo’s want for retribution. All through the story, Dantes changes camouflages so as to bamboozle everyone around him and further his own plan of discipline for his foes. However when he sees Villefort’s dead child, a genuinely guiltless casualty, the check understands that he has gone excessively far. Just because he goes to the acknowledgment that maybe he doesn’t have the endowment of Providence, the option to rebuff others. In endeavors to accommodate these sentiments, Monte Cristo organizes the marriage among Maximilien and Valentine. From the outset he would like to rebuff himself by ending it all, however when Haydee concedes her adoration for him, the consider takes it a sign from God that he is pardoned. Examination of The Count of Monte Cristo :: The Count of Monte Cristo Vengence Power Essays Examination of The Count of Monte Cristo The subject of The Count of Monte Cristo is one of retaliation and absolution, force and frailty. At the point when Dantes is unjustifiably given a real existence jail sentence by his foes (Villefort, Danglars, and Fernand), he spends each waking second arranging his vengeance. When Dantes wonderfully escapes and comes back to the world with wealth, he considers it to be an indication that God has opened for him the entryway of vengeance. He is not, at this point his previous self. Fourteen years in a correctional facility in a dull cell has given him a criminal’s mind. Rather than the guiltless, lighthearted, life-adoring kid of nineteen, Dantes is currently a solidified, skeptical, and suspicious man in his mid-thirties. It appears to be a converse submersion of sorts happens in a flash as Dantes hits the water in the wake of being lost the bluff by the jail monitors. Quickly Dantes starts deceiving and utilizing everyone around him. Never again is Dantes the obvious saint. To show that he is an alternate individual, Dumas alludes to Dantes as the Count of Monte Cristo once he comes back to society. Presently the check, presently he has adversaries, and messes around with those he disdains. Despite the fact that he remunerates the individuals who rewarded him and his dad well, the majority of the story is committed to Monte Cristo’s want for retaliation. All through the story, Dantes changes camouflages so as to trick everyone around him and further his own plan of discipline for his foes. However when he sees Villefort’s dead child, a genuinely guiltless casualty, the tally understands that he has gone excessively far. Just because he goes to the acknowledgment that maybe he doesn’t have the endowment of Providence, the option to rebuff others. In endeavors to accommodate these emotions, Monte Cristo masterminds the marriage among Maximilien and Valentine. From the start he would like to rebuff himself by ending it all, however when Haydee concedes her adoration for him, the consider takes it a sign from God that he is pardoned.

Impact of CSR and Ethics in business performance †Sample Assignment

Question: Investigate the job of CSR and Ethics in business and its effect on business execution Basically evaluate capable techniques and practices received in the turn of events and activity of neighborliness associations Answer: Presentation Business morals is the ethical judgment of the authoritative choice about what is correct and what's up. This is the substance of right work in the hierarchical condition. Associations ought to adhere to moral guidelines in business. Utilization of business morals causes associations to make progress and to continue their development and improvement in the market. Then again, the effect of holding fast to a lot of business morals in an organization incorporates various noteworthy advantages (Afiya 2005). The moral business conduction makes an impression on the clients that, the organization from which they are purchasing items or administrations would keep their responsibilities and it would be considered as a dependable and capable association. Then again, working in a solid moral business condition, representatives additionally have a sense of security as they probably am aware they would not be exposed to any sort of deceptive exercises. Corporate social capably (CSR) are the business methods of reasoning embraced by an association, which demonstrates that, the association is maintaining their business morally and dependably. CSR arrangements in an association go about as the administrative instrument in the association to screen moral guidelines of the association and elevate the association to make some social government assistance, which is past the organizations intrigue and required by business moral laws (Jaszay and Dunk 2006). It likewise assists with upgrading the duty of the association for its corporate activity. This task would concentrate on the examination of these two tradable highlights of some chosen friendliness associations to assess their job just like a capable association. Pyramid of CSR CSR systems were presented in the time of 1950, however its prevalence in the practices was expanded numerous years after the fact. The advanced idea of the CSR exercises is embraced from Archie Carrolls Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility (Cotterill 2007). This model is pushing the business associations to effectively lead the CSR exercises and to accomplish the ideal degree of achievement. Carroll built up this pyramid in the time of 1996, however it has become the most famous model of CSR just about 20 years after the fact of the turn of events. This pyramid has four distinct levels for the various kinds of CSR applications. The initial step is about the monetary duties of an association, where the objective is to be beneficial. The subsequent advance is the legitimate duties. In this progression the associations need to concentrate on the enactments relevant in their working (Atakan and Eker 2007). The business associations or social orders must keep up the laws in the reg ion of the legitimate obligations. The third step of the pyramid is the moral duties. Around there, the business associations ought to guarantee that they are directing their business in legal manner. The last and fourth step of the pyramid is about the humanitarian obligations. In this progression, the associations must be a decent corporate resident. Significant zones of center in this progression are the social, instructive, recreational and social improvement of the ordinary citizens (Balmer, Fukukawa and Gray 2007) Use of these CSR techniques and to comprehend the potential effect of the CSR systems in the business will be seen plainly by concentrating on every one of the CSR procedures and the instances of some business associations who are utilizing these. In this reason, the CSR exercises performed by McDonalds, Subway and Nandoswill be broke down in this report. Financial Responsibilities Inside CSR exercises, financial duties are significant one. It is the above all else obligation of an organization to be dependable and it ought to be worried about the turning benefit. Cotterill (2007) contended that, before being a decent corporate resident, an organization ought to guarantee that the business is gainful. On account of McDonalds, it buys more than 80 million of 100 % Irish meat, which is utilized in the cafés in Ireland, in any case, to be supportable all inclusive, it additionally trade these nourishments to its industry across Europe (Doherty 2007). In Europe, the organization utilizes Irish hamburger in all over Europe. To be monetarily dependable the organization includes CSR exercises with respect to quality confirmation, business morals and social duty (News.mcdonalds.com 2016). McDonalds won Chamber Ireland 2010 CSR grant with the providers under Flagship Farms program, which is perceived by the ranchers providing to McDonalds. In their condition related CS R exercises, the earth cordial gracefully chain of McDonalds decidedly influences on the prompt recipients, making the organization financially capable (Paton 2007). Notwithstanding just being liable for the companys achievement, Subway additionally add to the nearby network in any get-togethers, they gives sponsorships and gifts to institutional occasions, in this way being monetarily autonomous and dependable. Tram has been led the first fresher/more advantageous crusade with F.R.E.S.H. steps activity for rising mindfulness and instruct networks against youth weight (Choi and Parsa 2006). These means improved the brand picture towards the clients and their general duty helped the organization to be beneficial all through the money related year. This affected on the network emphatically (Subway 2016). In Nandos responsibility toward financial maintainability, it has been demonstrated that the organization has been consistence with corporate social ventures. The companys social and morals advisory group has been submitted that, they are following all the necessities for the advancement of perfect franchisee foundation, they have sufficient money related assets (Clark 2006). In Nandos programs for business the executives, it has been delineated that, franchisees are credit commendable and the organization is taking the obligation of these autonomous franchisees. Despite the fact that the effects of these exercises are productive for its financial development, the organization is confronting issues with respect to practical monetary development and improvement. Nandos CSR duty incorporated the improvement of South African monetary scene and trust on Relate plan of action (Kallio 2007). Legitimate Responsibilities The legitimate duties in the organization allude to guarantee that the organization is adhering to nearby and national laws and enactments in their business. It additionally makes the organization legitimately capable and help to manufacture reliable clients. McDonalds has been confronting various claims for the most part for trademark debates (Detwiler 2005). Be that as it may, the organization is giving representatives rights and adhering to norms of business lead in universal market. In New York claim against McDonalds has been guaranteed for the corpulence related medical problems of some childrens for which the organization was professed to be redress. The organization for longer period held the way that, they were not liable for the treatment of their workers in excess of 14000 eateries possessed by franchisees (Kallio 2007). The lawful issues and debates had a strong effect on the organization notoriety. McDonalds reports in UK uncovered that laborers are paying less wages and the organization has been accounted for to utilize hereditarily altered food, which are deceptive practices. The effect on the organization included loss of laborers and diminished brand picture (Doherty 2007). On account of Subway, in the association all the exercises are finished by adhering to rules and guidelines. Jones, Comfort and Hillier (2006) announced that, Subway Group keeps up their total title and protected innovation rights to their different materials. The organization follows exacting codes of behaviors, penetrating these shows huge remuneration. On account of Nando, the branches are likewise claimed by the franchisees and the organization took their liabilities. The organization has been focused on the association with Relate Inc, which upgraded the lawful open doors for business creation, abilities advancement. The legitimate and moral tasks of the organization has been decidedly influenced their development (Kallio 2007). Moral Responsibilities 1. Moral Responsibilities According to the perspective of Atakan and Eker (2007), moral obligation of an organization in business is the duty or the obligation to follow some virtues and right ways to carry on the business work. In this way, it very well may be effortlessly said that all the business has some moral obligations towards the clients and the general public also. The organization, McDonald has an away from of morals that generally administers the matter of the organization and the organization is completely dedicated to that and follows legitimate execution of the moral codes. The code of morals in the organization centers around the part that the café heads are evaluated intermittently by the interior and outside instrument and they are submit to the norms of business lead. It has been seen that the code of morals of this organization is submitted towards settling any private just as open clash that may happen in economy, governmental issues, social, natural and budgetary positions in the working territories of MacDonald (Jones, Comfort and Hillier 2006). It has been discovered that the vision of Subway is to make the eateries alongside the tasks as naturally and morally capable as could be expected under the circumstances. The organization has consistently gives their best to convey a shot the business so that leave a positive effect on the general public. The center accept of the organization is to utilize acceptable and naturally accommodating strategic approaches, as this will in general increment business benefit, improve client feasting experience and in particular assistance to secure the earth (Kasim 2006). One of the major moral obligations of Nandos is to give appropriate preparing to the employe

7 Steps to Developing Good Habits How to Form Good Habits Now!

7 Steps to Developing Good Habits How to Form Good Habits Now! Last Updated on December 4, 2019Do you aim at becoming a more productive person? Develop good habits! It’s the perfect recipe for achieving this and other related objectives that come with it.Human beings are true creatures of habit and we usually get used to doing the same things daily. Moving away from that feels like leaving our comfort zone. The issue is that some of those habits we follow are bad ones. Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert Changing and/or stopping old and bad habits might seem tough at first sight and it does involve some sacrifices from you but (and you know it) it’s something that really has to be done. Im a big fan of habit manipulation to help myself in life, one of my favorite books to help my blogging is even about how to form good habits.To help you become more productive, we’ve devised this list (in a much more appealing visual form) of seven steps you could follow every day.7 Steps to Developing Good HabitsShare this image so others can start developing habits the right way!centerstrongInfographic courtesy of a href=https://startbloggingonline.com/StartBloggingOnline.com/a/strong/p pa href=https://startbloggingonline.com/steps-to-developing-good-habits/img src=https://startbloggingonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/7-steps-to-developing-good-habits-e1567333562589.png alt=7 steps to developing good habits width=600 border=0 //a/center

Examining Change In Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2962 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) is the largest telecommunication service provider in Pakistan. It has 30,000 employees and 5.7 million customers. PTCL is the leading Infrastructure Provider to the other telecom operators and corporate customer of Pakistan. PTCL provides a variety of up-to-date home user, corporate and wholesale communication services e.g. telephone, internet, television, video conferencing etc in every part of Pakistan. Geographically the company is divided into: Headquarters, North, South, Central, and West Zones and functionally in Commercial, HR Admin, Corporate Development, Finance, Operations, Technical departments. On 16th august 2010 PTCL employees went on strike against management for not increasing their salaries in accordance with the government decision in 2008.which badly effects PTCL customers, as the whole network was running at its own with no maintenance and operation at all. As a result its after sale and support services for voice, IPTV, DSL, broadband, Wireless Internet and Dial-up became poor. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Examining Change In Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited" essay for you Create order The major loss is in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa due to floods, also the rehabilitation works has not started there due to damaged system, including workers strike. On September 7th, 2010 strike has softened and Salaries and Bonuses were transferred to employees In 2006 a new shift in the ownership of the company has been taken place. Emirates Telecommunication Corporation, a Dubai based Telecom Company commonly known as Etisalat, assumed management control of PTCL as 26% Management Share of largest telecommunication company limited (PTCL) been sold out for some about US$ 2.6 billion. Emirate Telecommunication Company Etisalat Founded on August 30, 1976, the Emirates telecommunications Corporation-Eitsalat-provides telecommunication services to the United Arab Emirates, and is one of the leading service providers in the Middle East. Eitsalat is embracing new technologies, new philosophies and new ways of doing business. Eitsalat was one of the first to introduce mobile telephones in the Middle East in 1982 and launched the GSM Service in September 1994.Mr. Obaid the Chief Executive officer, Eitsalat says that the new Management will take steps for improving quality, reorganization and extension of PTCL service to more areas; he further added that technical staff might be sent to Africa and other countries after imparting additional training to them. Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (Eitsalat) was the highest bidder for the acquisition of a 26 per cent stake in Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Limited (PTCL). This latest win reflects the determination of Etisalat to strengthen its position as t he leading telecommunications company in the region. The acquisition of 26 per cent of PTCL provides Eitsalat International access to the management of the company and a pool of experienced professionals. Subsidiary of PTCL PTCL is the exclusive provider of basic telephony in Pakistan .Besides providing fixed line, value added and other ancillary services, PTCL owns subsidiary that provides cellular services. Since its transformation from a public sector corporation into a publicly listed corporate entity in 1996, PTCL has implemented an aggressive restructuring program, the primary aim of which is to improve profitability through increased customer focus and efficiency and to prepare the company for the highly competitive environment UFONE The company commenced its operations, under the brand name of Ufone, from Islamabad on January 29, 2001.being a part of PTCL the management of Ufone has also been handed over to Etisalat after privatization. During the year July 2005 to June 2006, Ufone keep on getting success. As a result The Company expanded its coverage and has added new cities and highways.Ufone has network coverage in more than 4745 locations and in most part of the country. Ufone successfully completed the network expansion amounted to more than US Dollar 170 million which results in increase in the asset base of the Company from Rs. 20 billion to Rs.27billion.Ufone currently caters for International Roaming to more than 230 live operators in more than 130 countries and introduced International roaming facility for Prepaid subscribers in Saudi Arabia, United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, Singapore, Portugal, Thailand, Cyprus, Bangladesh, Uzbekistan, Tunisia, Sri Lanka, Belgium and Kuwait with lowest rates, fea turing no security deposit and activation charges. GPRS Roaming facility is available with more than 115 Live Operators across 85 countries. The company also got a new License for providing cellular services in Azad Jammu Kashmir and Northern Areas. Company Background History of Telecommunication In Pakistan Posts Telegraph Department (PT) was established in 1947 and Pakistan Telephone Telegraph Department (TT) in 1962.The history of telecommunication in the Sub-Continent is as old as the history of our slavery. In the subcontinent, before Independence this sector was under the Indian Post Telegraph Department and developed as a successful industry. The role of telecommunication in Pakistan can be broadly divided into four phases. Pakistan Post Telegraph (PT) This department started its telephone service with only 12346 telephone lines and seven telegraph offices all over Pakistan. All the telephone system at that time was manual. This department worked up to 1962. At the time of independence the postal and telecommunication services were performed by a single department known as Pakistan Post Telegraph (PT). The Government of Pakistan adopted the Government of India Telegraph act 1885 to control and direct the activities of telecommunication. Pakistan Telephone Telegraph (TT) Pakistan Post and Pakistan Telephone Telegraph (PTT) under the presidential ordinance was the first step towards reforms in the telecommunication sector. It was made in 1962, when the Ayub Khans government decided to split up the PT department into two separate departments. Director General headed this department. DG has the decision making power, while the responsibilities were delegated to General Managers and Chief Engineers throughout the organization. The PTT were in fact a civil service department under the ministerial control. The PTT organizational structure had 20 Chief Engineers and General Managers reporting directly to the Director General. At the time of inception of PTC the total number of employees working in PTT was 45686 and the total network comprised of 922,000 telephone lines Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) A major breakthrough in the history of telecommunication in the country occurred with the gradual deregulation and privatization of TT. At the first stage Pakistan Telephone Telegraph Department (TT) was converted into a statutory corporation Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation. On December 15, 1990 the PTT department was transformed into Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation with a legal identity separate from the Government. With Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation Ordinance 1991 government open the way for private competition and start awarding licenses for cellular phone and card operated pay phones. With this liberalization 1991 government of Pakistan decided to privatized PTC and use voucher method in 1994 for privatization that later were convertible to shares, total number of voucher was six million that were equal to 600 million shares at the rate Rs. 10 per share. The telecom sector was liberalized but PTCL was still the monopolist of the land line telephone service s. In 1996 Pakistan Telecommunication Company was formed and declared the monopoly for the basic telephony of the country with Pakistan Telecommunication (reorganization) Act 1996(Choudhary, et al., 2008) Four Bodies of PTCL Under the PTC Reorganization Act, 1996 the telecommunication sectors was split into four entities. Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) National Telecommunication Corporation(NTC) Frequency Allocation Board (FAB) Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) PTCL was established with a view to undertake the telecommunication business formally carried in Pakistan. Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) was transformed into Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL) on January 1, 1996 under Pakistan Telecommunication Reorganization Act, 1996 according to which PTCL took over all the properties, assets, rights and obligations of PTC. Pakistan Telecommunication Authority Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) is a regulatory body responsible for monitoring the telecommunication business in Pakistan. It frames rules and regulations for private telecom companies such as Mobile Phone Companies, Internet service providers, paging companies and pay card phone companies. Moreover, issues licenses to the new companies entering into this business. National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC) National Telecommunication Corporation (NTC) is responsible to provide the telecommunication services to the various departments of government and armed services. Frequency Allocation Board Allocates radio frequency spectrum to the Government, providers of telecommunication services, radio and television broadcasting operators, public and private wireless operators and others. Privatization In December 1990 Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation was established to replace the Pakistan Telephone and Telegraph Department. In 1991 government of Pakistan showed its intention for the privatization of PTC for economic growth of country A consortium was hired for this purpose and as a result of his report government decided to sell out 26 % share capita along with management rights and converted it to limited company (PTCL, Internal Report). According to the privatization session of 1991-1992 12% share of Pakistan Telecommunication have been divested during 1994(Choudhary, et al., 2008; Kemal, 1999). One million exchangeable vouchers have been issued in august 1994. These issues were equal to 100 million shares and each has a value of Rs 10. In September 1994 five million vouchers have been issued to international investors. The value of these issues were $900 million from international and Rs.3 billion from domestic issue while the values of the voucher in first and second issues were Rs.3000 and 5500 respectively. the issues of 26 % management share was still a controversy, the Government continued its mission by issuing Notes with 150 million US dollar worth to international investor in 1997. The Notes were convertible to fully paid A class ordinary shares of PTCL and these were 3.3 % of the total share capital issued. In august 1997 foreign receivable has been securitized successfully obtaining 250 million US dollar to GOP. In 1995 a new financial advisor was hired by Privatization commission for the implementation of strategic sale (26% management shares) but the new governments suspended the services of the financial advisor (Deutsche Morgan Grenfell), and in 1998 hire the M/S Goldman Sachs International to provide advisory services on PTCL privatization (PTCL, Internal Report).The Financial Advisor (Goldman Sachs International) has start working and established a data room at the head quarter of PTCL where all possible information that is related to PTCL were available to facilitate the team. Government approved the proposed policy and decided to complete the Re-regulation by December 2003, major steps has been taken on legal and regulatory measures, PTA granted license to PTML (Ufone) and proposed DSI regulation for tariff and licensing has also been accepted (PTCL, Internal Report). At last in April 2006 control of the Pakistan Telecommunication corporation was handed over to Etisalat(UAE based company), Etisalat assume the control of the company by paying 2.6 billion US dollar to buy 26% share with management right in PTCL. With the control of PTCL Etisalat also assume the control of Ufone, one the top class mobile service provider subsidiary of PTCL (PTCL subsidiary) PTCL also signed a contract with Emaar to provide information and telecommunication technology services to household in Karachi and Islamabad. After this agreement PTCL is the only services provider that offer ICT to two big project of Emaar Pakistan, every household and office will be connected through fiber optics (PTCL, PTCL signed contract with Emaar). Impact on Competition The Re-regulation in telecom sector has positive effects; people now have more Choices and easy access to value added services at cheaper prices. The intensive competition in all parts of telecom sector has momentous decrease in the tariffs of different telecom services. With the privatization and Re-regulation of PTCL many Competitors have entered in Pakistani market. Paktel and Instaphone were entered in Pakistan telecom industry in 1990 and in 1994 Mobilink started its function. In 2001, Ufone, a supplementary part of PTCL entered in the market and in 2005 both Warid and Telenor one by one started their services (uz Zaman, et al.) From the year 2000 there is tremendous increase in the cellular users. Mobilink is the largest cellular company with the highest number of users, compare to Ufone. Currently 79% population in Punjab has mobile phones, 75% in Sindh, 34% in Baluchistan, 63% in N.W.F.P. and overall 73.3% of population in Pakistan enjoying this facility (uz Zaman, et al.).Zong (previously Paktel) has great share in the cellular market. Latest data from PTA shows that Telenor rise to number two and Warid telecom is becoming more popular and capturing market share with the high pace as compare to other traditional rivals. Within 4 year of time Telenor has reached to the second largest cellular mobile company after Mobilink with subscribers of approx.19 million (PTA, Cellular subscriber). With the arrival of competitors there is decreasing trend in PTCL landline and WLL subscribers. In 2000 there were 3.05 million fixed line subscribers and till 2005 there is increasing trend in the fixed line subscribers (5 million fixed line subscribers), but after the year 2005 and with the entrance of competitors its fixed land line subscribers decrease and reached at 3.58 million. This is not just PTCL whose subscribers decrease but also Instaphone and Paktel who lost their market. Instaphone is currently operating with bellow 1% market share in some backward area and Paktel was coming down and down when Zong overtake and buy the company (PTA, fixed line subscribers). This was just due to obsolete technology. A great number of local and foreign companies are competing in Pakistan It includes both fixed line (wired and WLL) and cellular. Although current operator still has monopoly position in fixed line due to its strong infrastructure, yet major competition has been emerged in Wireless Local Loop (WLL) and this market is directing towards full competition with the entrance of some financially strong companies. The Value-added services market, including Internet and Pay Card phones, is already in full competition (Shahid, Shou-lian, Liu). The raise in the number of telecom service subscribers can be linked with the convenience of service and with the growth in the teledensity. Expansion of fixed line subscribers (200,000- 300,000)/year were projected on the bases of construction of new residential dwelling units, new shops for small businesses and registration of new businesses with the Corporate Law Authority (Choudhary, et al., 2008). The subscriber growth and teledensity rate was insufficient before PTC era. Switching TT into PTC and then to PTCL helped the fixed network development, and increase in teledensity. With the introduction of Competition in fixed and mobile line has major impact on the users and the teledensity. The projection by Choudhary, et.al. pointed towards the teledensity which was continue to increase for the next 10 years and will reach to its peak up to 2018. At the same time, the growth in internet, WLL technologies broadband and investment in telecommunication sector will also increase with t he slow pace for the next 10 years. (Choudhary, et al., 2008).But the figure available on PTA website shows that there is a decline in the fixed line services from 2006 to 2009. This is just in wired line connection but the wireless local loop has an increasing trend in its teledensity and also subscribers. Source: PTA, Fixed line Subscriber Financial Aspects of PTCL PTCL was one of the Pakistan profits earning Telecom Company. After getting Privatized PTCL is losing its base as its subscription declined from 5.12 million to 4.40 million in 2008.While the revenue declined from Rupees 69085 million in 2006 to RS. 61,085 million in 2008. Similarly the Profit after tax in 2006 was some about Rs. 20777 million while in 2008 there is a loss of Rs. 2825 million. The financial statement shows a continuous growth till 2006 while after privatization the company is facing severe financial shortcomings (PTCL limited). In the last few years the impact of Re-regulation and increase of competition in the telecommunication industry of Pakistan has been increasingly mounting pressure on PTCL. PTCL has launched its profit of Rs. 15.64 billion for the period of 2007 compare to last year profit of 20.78 billion. The decreasing trend in the profit was due to the structural change brought by the competitors in the telecom market. PTCL remain leader in fixed line, however there was decrease in revenue by 5.5% due to huge entry of different telecom companies in the market. There was increase in operation expenses by 11.7% mostly due to systematic developments in the operations and customer service and provisions for doubtful debts. The total revenue for the financial year 2006-07 was Rs.65.28 billion against the previous year revenue of 69.09 billion. The main reasons for the reductions in the revenue are reductions in tariffs and heavy competition in the market. (PTCL, Annual Report 2007) To succeed in this highly competitive telecom market and to meet the increasing challenges, PTCL has taken certain necessary steps for organizational revolution. These steps include Enterprise Resource Planning Packages, introduction implementation of Voluntary Separation Scheme (VSS), as well as penetrating new innovated services. However, the profitability of the Company for the year ended June 30, 2008 suffered due to amalgamation of a massive VSS cost amounting to Rs. 23.94 billion. Because of these steps company bears a net loss of Rs. 2.82 billion against previous years net profit of Rs. 15.64 billion. As discussed above the decreasing trend the subscriber and the ultimate affect on the revenue is not just for PTCL but also for two other companies who have the largest share in the cellular market (PTCL, Annual Report 2008). Another reason for the decrease in the revenue is the decrease in the tariff, there is huge decrease in the international tariff from Rs.26/per minute to Rs. 2/per minute so it ultimately affect the revenue.The total revenue for financial year 2007-08 was Rs. 61.09 billion compares to previous year revenue of Rs. 65.28 billion. The decreasing trend in the revenue was due to huge penetration by mobile business and tight market competition. Due to improved operational controls, the Company managed to reduce its operating costs to Rs. 44.7 billion as compared to Rs. 46.6 billion in 2007. The non-operational income of the company is also affected by the huge outflow of the financial reserves in the shape of VSS (Voluntary Separation Scheme). But the implementation of VSS scheme can help the company to understand certain savings in the last quarter against allowances and salaries. (PTCL, Annual Report, year ended June 30, 2008). Source: PTCL, Annual Report, year ended June 30, 2008

Censorship Of The United States - 1470 Words

Jeffrey Corpstein English 270 Research paper Censorship This paper will cover censorship in film with its main focus in the United States. It will cover the progress of film censorship and how it has varied throughout the country as well as state to state. The reader will discover how film censorship has changed with society and can be a resemblance of society at a certain point in time. Important cases and lawsuits will be covered as well, enabling the reader to understand why and how certain laws were created and questioned. The first acknowledgment of regulating film arrived in 1896 after Thomas Edison’s landmark film, The Kiss. Critics of this film saw it as a threat to morality, thus raising questions on what should or should not be shown to the public. Shortly after concern over The Kiss, the first statute in movie censorship was enacted. The State of Maine implemented the statute in order to prevent the exhibition prizefight of the 1897 heavyweight championship between James Corbett and Bob Fitzsimmons. This opened the door for other organizations and states to regulate on their own terms. Although most scholars regard the 1907 ordinance of the City of Chicago as the first act of censorship in the United States, but as state above, the prevention of prizefighting in Maine is now regarded as the first act of censorship. Nevertheless, the 1907 ordinance of the City of Chicago was groundbreaking for film censorship. This ordinance made it illegal to show anyShow MoreRelated Censorship in th e United States Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesCensorship on Television Censorship on television in the United States has been an issue ever since the television was invented. The public holds a variety of stances on the topic, and no matter what law is ever passed regarding censorship, it will never suit the needs of everyone. 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Background And Organizational Culture Of Vds Nsw - 2085 Words

In order to compete the first assessment for Communication Practice Project, which requires an investigation of a different aspect of the context of a group/organization, and identify a communication issue related to the theme of community, the organization Vietnamese Dynamic Students in New South Wales (VDS-NSW) has been chosen to examine. The president of the VDS has been interviewed to explore thoroughly VDS’s structure, activities and problems. This paper will assess the background and organizational culture of VDS-NSW and highlight the community engagement issue the organization is facing. 1. Background and description of VDS-NSW: Established in 1997, Vietnamese Dynamic Student organisation (VDS) is a non-profit and student-run organisation. VDS target is to support and provide benefits for the community of Vietnamese overseas students and alumni in New South Wales, Australia. The main aim of VDS activities is to achieve more partnership, understanding and cooperation between wider communities in Australia and Vietnam. As a part of Vietnamese community in Australia, VDS intends to serve Vietnamese overseas students and alumni in NSW as well as the Vietnamese and Australian communities. VDS attempts to build an organisation with unity and creativity of members and volunteers to supports Vietnamese overseas students and alumni community who are studying and thriving in Australia and are making positive contributions to Vietnam. Over the years, VDS has been seen as a

Social Determinants of Health in the Aboriginal- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSocial Determinants of Health in the Aboriginal Community. Answer: Social Determinants of Health in the Aboriginal Community of Australia The WHO defines social determinants of health as the conditions in which people are born in, grow, work, live and get old. They include the forces and systems shaping the conditions of life that people face(WHO, 2017). The conditions are linked to economic and social situations and the way they are distributed within the community. McMurray Clendon (2015) suggests that such factors affect access and utilization of health patterns by promoting or restraining the efforts of the individual. The Aboriginal community of Australia is one of the marginalized communities that have been exposed to conditions of life for a very long time. This report analyses five social determinants of health; education, employment, environment, housing and child development to determine the way they affect health patterns of the Aboriginal community in Australia. Education is an important social determinant of health since its attainment influences health throughout the life-span of the individual. The higher the education, the better the level of access to health and other social needs like job, income and sense of control(Baxter Hand, 2013). Further, in healthcare, health literacy determines how people interpret their health situations thus leading them to develop the sick role that allows them seek medication. The Aboriginal group of Australia reports higher school dropout than any other group in Australia. This process limits their life opportunities to access jobs that can increase income levels and allow easy access to healthcare. Most people in the population have low literacy levels that limits their interpretation of the environment around them and understanding the importance of developing and leading healthy lifestyle patterns. Apart from access to life resources that can improve access to health, Kolahdooz, Nader, Yi, Sharma (2015) argues that education in itself is a learning process that allows people to develop surveillance attitudes that keep them informed of the life around them. Significant gaps reported in the Aboriginal community as compared to the non-aboriginal community create barriers for their access and limit their ability to access healthcare. Since education is directly linked to healthcare, then the more the population stays less educated, the lesser their access to proper health patterns. The community remains less informed and their ability to interact with health providers and access full range of services becomes limited. Employment leads to increased income that creates more health-seeking opportunities, improves living standards, emotional abilities and social wellbeing of the individual. One factor that limits access to health is lack of income or resources to meet health-related needs. Since health is not free, people have to use their resources to access health(Cooklin, L., Strazdins, Nicholos, 2011). The Aboriginal community has low employment opportunities standing at an average of 15% since most of them lack tertiary education (Australian Bureau of Statitics, 2017). Since the community has lower education levels, then the percentage of those who are employed is low thus limiting the communitys ability to access and afford healthcare. Employment may also lead to access to other health-related factors like, food and living conditions that may shape the overall health of the individual. The aboriginals live in poor conditions that may affect their health. Housing creates conditions that promote or inhibit health in different ways. These conditions contribute to the physical health of the individual since they create conditions that shape the health of the individual. (Bailie, Mcdonald, Stevens, Guthridge, Brewster, 2011)Poor housing conditions like overcrowding, dampness, and indoor pollutants can lead to physical illnesses like typhoid, diarrhea, and respiratory diseases. Most aboriginal in the country live in inappropriate housing conditions and other private spaces since they lack affordability to good dwellings since appropriate housing is difficult to afford with only 6.7% of the group affording better housing. Most of their hoses require major repairs to make them conducive for stay (Australian Bureau of Statitics, 2017). Further, the government has done little effort to improve the conditions within the locality that such people stay thus creating more hazards to them. The environment has complex effects on the health of the individual. Since this defines places where people stay and the factors that define them. Then, the environment exposes the individual to physical, chemical, social, and biological hazards that affect their health(Bambra, Gibson, Sowden, Wright, Whitehead, 2010). Such factors shape exposure to conditions that may harm the individual or make them sick. Lack of education exposes people to ignorant lifestyles that create a harmful environment while lack of income reduces their ability to afford required standards of living thus exposing them to different types of hazards that are defined by the environment that people dwell in. The Aboriginals are faced with this problem since they cannot afford better dwellings thus live in an environment that is full of hazards that affect their life. Early childhood development of children follows the social gradient that they are brought up in. Socio-economic factors produce inequalities among children in access to opportunities that may shape their current and future health patterns. Further, socio-cultural conditions that children are brought up determine their health patterns based on the daily conditions and individual health-related behaviors that they are exposed to(Bauman, 2011). Aboriginal children are raised by uninformed parents who may expose them to poor health conditions thus exposing them to environmental hazardous that define their dwellings. Such children may grow up with some health challenges due to limited access to resources. Such inequalities affect the overall health of the child thus creating poor health outcomes. Social determinants of health are defined by different conditions that people stay in. such conditions shape their behaviors and may control their health seeking patterns due to lack of resources. The Aboriginal people of Australia are affected with these determinants because they lag behind all the factors that shape health. The government can intervene to improve the conditions through affirmative action thus reducing the barriers that define the determinants that they face and making their life better. Social determinants define health through increasing or limiting opportunities. References Australian Bureau of Statitics(2017). Health. Retrieved from Australian Bureau of Statitics: https://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/Home%5CTopics+@+a+Glance Bailie R.S., Mcdonald, E., Stevens, M., Guthridge, S., Brewster, D. (2011). Evaluation of an Australian indigenous housing programme: community level impact on crowding, infrastructure function and hygiene. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 65, 432-437. Bambra, C., Gibson, M., Sowden, A., Wright, K., Whitehead. (2010). Tackling the wider social determinants of health and health inequalities: evidence from systematic reviews. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 64, 284-291. Bauman, Z. (2011). Collateral Damage: Social Inequalities in a Global Age. Cambridge: Polity Press. Baxter, J., Hand, K. (2013). Access to early childhood education in Australia . Melbourne: Australian Institute of Family Studies. Cooklin, A., L., C., Strazdins, L., Nicholos, J. (2011). Employment conditions and maternal postpartum mental health: results from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 14, 217-225. Kolahdooz, F., Nader, F., Yi, K. J., Sharma, S. (2015). Understanding the social determinants of health among Indigenous Canadians: priorities for health promotion policies and actions. Global Health Action, 8(10). McMurray, A., Clendon, J. (2015). Community Health and Wellness: Primary Health Care in Practice. Chatswood: Churchill Livingstone. WHO. (2017). Social determinants of health. WHO.